A comparison between evidence-based medicine and P4 medicine.
A comparison between evidence-based medicine and P4 medicine.
| Reactive Medicine—Evidence-Based Medicine | Proactive P4 Medicine |
|---|---|
| Reactive—respond after a patient is sick (symptoms-based) | Proactive—responds before a patient is sick (based on pre-symptomatic markers) |
| Disease treatment system | Wellness maintenance system |
| Few measurements | Many measurements, including complete genome sequencing, high-parameter blood diagnostics, many longitudinal omics measurements |
| Disease-centric, with standard of care associated with population-based disease diagnosis | Individual-centric, with standard of care tailored more fully to multiple measurements on the individual |
| Records not highly linked nor data integrated | Deeply integrated data that can be mined for continued improvement of healthcare strategies |
| Large-scale diffusion of medical information mediated mostly through physicians alone | Social networking of patients to enhanced shared experiences and diffusion of knowledge in consultation with their physicians |
| Drugs tested against large populations—tens of thousands to develop statistics for FDA | Stratification of disease populations into small groups, 50 or so, that can be effectively treated to achieve FDA approval |