Figure 3. Schematic Representation of Active Sodium Transport in the Alveolar Epithelial Cell Depicting Apical Na+ Channels, Basolaterally Located Na,K-ATPase, Aquaporins, and Co-transporters
Sodium enters through the apical membrane via Na+ channels and is extruded by the Na,K-ATPase, with water following iso-osmotically. Proposed mechanisms by which norepinephrine upregulates active sodium transport and alveolar clearance.