PubMed Central, : RMMJ Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal Rambam Health Care Campus 2019 October; 10(4): e0023. ISSN: 2076-9172Published online 2019 October 29. doi: 10.5041/RMMJ.10377.

Study	Study Type	No. Patients	Comments
Spitz et al.²	Case series	36	Office procedure including 33 saphenous vein ablations; patients comfortable without severe pain
Cheshire et al.³	Uncontrolled study	114	All but 13 patients underwent combined TIPP with saphenous vein ablation or ligation. At 6 weeks: 1 patient dead from myocardial infarction; 1 patient with deep vein thrombosis. Other complications affecting limbs: nerve damage in 43; ecchymosis in 33; swelling in 20; hematoma in 14; pain in 5; cellulitis in 4
Scavée et al.⁴	Case series	40	More hematomas reported with TIPP compared to stab avulsion phlebectomy (57% versus 22%). No differences in pain at 7 days and 6 weeks
Aremu et al.⁵	Randomized controlled study	88	88 TIPP patients compared with 100 conventional stab avulsion surgery patients Mean number of incisions: 5 TIPP versus 29 conventional No differences in pain, bruising, cellulitis, or numbness over time At 6 weeks, no differences noted in nerve injury, residual veins, cosmetic score, and overall satisfaction
Chetter et al.⁶	Randomized study	29	29 TIPP patients compared to 33 multiple stab incision phlebectomy patients Low number of TIPP incisions, but accompanied by extensive bruising, increased pain, and reduced quality of life
Akesson⁷	Case series	21	Pain decreased to baseline within 2 weeks
Franz et al.⁸; Franz et al.⁹	Case series	339⁸/431⁹	Staged procedure for saphenous vein ablation patients Following TIPP, 99.7% reported good outcome and procedure satisfaction
Kim et al.¹⁰	Case series	299	447 Limbs (TIPP) Complications reported: cellulitis, 2.2%; hematoma, 3.5%; cutaneous nerve damage, 2.2%; seroma, 2.9%
Obi et al.¹¹	Case series	657	TIPP with saphenous vein ablation in most patients; hematomas reported in 7.8%
Passman et al.¹²	Case series	169	Combined TIPP procedure with saphenous vein stripping or endovenous ablation; more hematomas with TIPP compared to stab avulsion phlebectomy