PubMed Central, : RMMJ Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal Rambam Health Care Campus 2024 April; 15(2): e0007. ISSN: 2076-9172Published online 2024 April 28. doi: 10.5041/RMMJ.10521

Table 4.

Summary of the Outcomes of Randomized Controlled Trials Since 1980 Comparing Endoscopic Sphincterotomy (ES), Open Surgical Common Duct Exploration (Surg.), Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration (Lap.), and Laparo–ES Rendezvous (Lap.–ES).

Years	Intervention	Patients n	Stone Clearance n (%)^*	Additional CBDI needed (ES or Surg.) n (%)^†	Complications n (%)^†	Mortality n (%)	Length of Hospital Stay d (range)
1980–2000	ES	472	301/358 (84.1)	70/472 (14.8)	73/472 (15.5)	10/472 (2.1)	3.5–17
	Surg.	313	201/220 (91.4)	37/265 (14.0)	60/313 (19.2)	4/313 (1.3)	6–22
	Lap.	173	130/149 (87.2)	29/149 (19.5)	28/173 (16.2)	1/173 (0.6)	1–6

2001–2010	ES	421	274/353 (77.6)	42/421 (9.8)	55/421 (13.1)	1/421 (0.2)	3–9
	Lap.	293	217/239 (90.8)	26/293 (8.9)	31/293 (10.6)	1/293 (0.3)	4–8
	Lap.–ES	165	123/131 (93.9)	9/165 (5.5)	8/165 (4.8)	0/165 (0)	3–5

2011–2023	ES	637	496/553 (89.7)	28/433 (6.5)	62/596 (10.4)	3/637 (0.5)	3–11
	Lap.	528	423/449 (94.2)	22/366 (6.0)	42/528 (8.0)	0/528 (0)	2–7
	Lap.–ES	220	155/167 (92.8)	3/79 (3.8)	8/178 (4.5)	1/220 (0.5)	1–7

* The denominators include the total number of patients entered into the trial, after excluding those with suspected but absent CBD stones.

† The denominators include the number of patients with available data.

CBDI, common bile duct interventions; d, day(s).

RMMJ Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal Rambam Health Care Campus 2024 April; 15(2): e0007. ISSN: 2076-9172

Published online 2024 April 28. doi: 10.5041/RMMJ.10521