Schematic Representation of the Downstream Pathways and the Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase at the Cell Membrane.

Also, the mechanism of some therapies related to the management of alternating hemiplegia of childhood is represented: flunarizine (a), rostafuroxin (b), ketogenic diet (c), and SL327, which inhibits ERK-kinase (MEK)-1 and MEK2 (d).

Ca, calcium; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinases; K, potassium; KATP, ATP-sensitive potassium channel; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinases; Na, sodium; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinases; PLC-γ, phospholipase C gamma; VGCC, voltage-gated calcium channels of N-type.