Overview of Tools Used in Diagnosing and Treating Cognitive Impairment.
Overview of Tools Used in Diagnosing and Treating Cognitive Impairment.
| Tool | Purpose |
|---|---|
| Neuropsychological Test Tools | |
| Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)32 | Used for initial cognitive screening, assessing orientation, memory, attention, and language |
| Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)13,33 | Designed for detecting mild cognitive impairment (MCI), assessing a broad range of cognitive functions |
| MoCA-CFS Composite Score34 | Used to evaluate hepatic encephalopathy severity and predict health deterioration |
| Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)35 | Provides insights into various cognitive functions like memory, executive function, and processing speed |
| Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB)36 | Provides detailed insights into cognitive functions such as memory, executive function, and processing speed |
| Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (NAB)37 | A comprehensive set of subtests assessing cognitive domains like attention, memory, and executive function |
| Psychiatric Questionnaires | |
| Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)38 | Assesses depression severity, including somatic and cognitive-affective symptoms |
| Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)39 | Designed to measure anxiety and depression in patients with somatic conditions |
| Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS)40 | Assesses fatigue severity, useful in conditions like hepatitis C and multiple sclerosis |
| Neuroimaging Techniques | |
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)41 | Assesses structural brain changes (atrophy, lesions, white matter abnormalities) to differentiate dementia types |
| Positron Emission Tomography (PET)42 | Measures brain activity and glucose metabolism, aiding in diagnosing Alzheimer’s and neurodegenerative diseases |
| Functional MRI (fMRI)43 | Assesses brain activity and connectivity, useful for studying cognitive processes in research |
| Cognitive Impairment Assessment | |
| Electronic Montreal Cognitive Assessment (eMoCA)44 | Digital version of MoCA for portable cognitive assessment |
| Digital Clock Drawing Test (dCDT)44 | Digital version of the Clock Drawing Test, used for assessing cognitive domains |
| Geras Solutions Cognitive Test (GSCT)43 | A computerized test designed for screening and assessing cognitive functions |
| CogState47 | A cognitive assessment using computerized tasks designed for detailed cognitive evaluation |
| Computerized Cognitive Screen (CoCoSc)43 | Used for screening cognitive impairments and evaluating cognitive performance via computerized tasks |
| Virtual Reality-based Cognitive Tools45 | Utilizes virtual reality and spatial navigation to assess cognitive function through interactive environments |
| Artificial Intelligence-based Tool | |
| Artificial Intelligence (AI) Algorithms46 | Analyzes neuroimaging data and cognitive test results, enhancing diagnostic accuracy and early detection |