Table 5.

Sex-stratified Multivariable Logistic Regression Analyses of the Association Between Insomnia Severity and High Type 2 Diabetes Risk.

ISI Category FINDRISC OR (95% CI) QDScore OR (95% CI) TRAQ-D OR (95% CI) P-Interaction (sex × ISI)
Men Women Men Women Men Women
No insomnia 1 (ref) 1 (ref) 1 (ref) 1 (ref) 1 (ref) 1 (ref) —
Subthreshold 1.22 (1.14–1.30) 1.35 (1.26–1.45) 1.16 (1.08–1.25) 1.25 (1.15–1.35) 1.27 (1.15–1.41) 1.38 (1.22–1.56) 0.21
Moderate 1.72 (1.56–1.89) 2.01 (1.82–2.22) 1.55 (1.38–1.74) 1.80 (1.61–2.02) 1.59 (1.39–1.82) 1.93 (1.69–2.20) 0.08
Severe 2.34 (2.10–2.61) 2.95 (2.60–3.34) 1.98 (1.71–2.30) 2.44 (2.12–2.81) 2.06 (1.74–2.43) 2.68 (2.30–3.12) 0.04

All models are adjusted for age, social class, smoking, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and physical activity. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained from sex-stratified multivariable logistic regression models. P-interaction values correspond to the cross-product term (sex × ISI) tested in the pooled model.

Model diagnostics: all variance inflation factors (VIFs) were <2.5, indicating absence of multicollinearity. Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit P-values were >0.20 for all models, and discrimination was adequate (AUC range: 0.77–0.81).

ISI, Insomnia Severity Index; FINDRISC, Finnish Diabetes Risk Score; QDScore, QResearch-derived Diabetes Risk Score; ref, reference; TRAQ-D, Trinidad Risk Assessment Questionnaire for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

RMMJ Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal Rambam Health Care Campus 2026; 17(3): e0019. ISSN: 2076-9172
Published online 2026 July 31. doi: 10.5041/RMMJ.10579
Copyright © 2026 Ribes Valles et al.